ORS (oral rehydration salt) Jessy

**Composition:**

Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) typically consist of a precise mixture of electrolytes and glucose. The standard composition recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) is as follows:

• **Sodium Chloride (NaCl)**: 2.6 grams
• **Potassium Chloride (KCl)**: 1.5 grams
• **Trisodium Citrate Dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7·2H2O)**: 2.9 grams
• **Glucose (Anhydrous Dextrose)**: 13.5 grams
• **Total Volume**: 1 liter of clean water

This mixture provides essential electrolytes and glucose to help with rehydration.

**Dosages:**

The dosage of ORS depends on the severity of dehydration and the age of the patient. General guidelines include:

1. **For Children:**

• Mild Dehydration: 50-100 mL of ORS for each episode of diarrhea.
• Moderate Dehydration: 100-200 mL of ORS for each episode of diarrhea, plus additional fluids as needed.
• Severe Dehydration: Immediate medical attention is required, and ORS may be administered intravenously in a clinical setting.

2. **For Adults:**

• Mild to Moderate Dehydration: 2-4 liters of ORS over 24 hours, adjusting based on the severity of symptoms and fluid loss.
• Severe Dehydration: Seek medical attention; ORS may be administered in a clinical setting.

**Indications:**

ORS is primarily indicated for the management of dehydration due to:

• **Diarrhea**: Particularly in cases of acute gastroenteritis, cholera, or other infectious causes.
• **Vomiting**: When accompanied by fluid loss, ORS can help replenish lost fluids and electrolytes.
• **Heat-Related Illnesses**: Such as heat exhaustion or heat stroke, where fluid loss occurs due to excessive sweating.
• **Fever**: In cases where fever leads to increased fluid loss and dehydration.

**Contraindications:**

• ORS should not be used in cases of severe dehydration requiring intravenous fluids.
• It is not suitable for patients with certain conditions such as severe renal failure or those who cannot tolerate oral intake.

**Administration:**

ORS should be prepared by dissolving the recommended amount of ORS powder in clean, boiled, and cooled water. It should be consumed gradually, and any unused solution should be discarded after 24 hours.

### Conclusion

ORS is a simple, effective, and life-saving treatment for dehydration, especially in children and vulnerable populations. Proper preparation and administration are crucial for its effectiveness. Always consult a healthcare professional for severe cases of dehydration.